Recent reading

[regshoe]

The Diary of a Country Parson by James Woodforde (written 1758-1802; edited and published by John Beresford, 1935). James Woodforde (1740-1803) was a well-to-do country clergyman in the eighteenth century, living first in Somerset where he was curate in his father's parish, and later in his own living at Weston Longeville in Norfolk. His diaries, which cover the period from his years as an undergraduate at Oxford right up until shortly before his death, have been published in various more or less abridged forms; not feeling up to the very detailed editions, I read the shortest one-volume version, which is still a fairly respectably-sized book. And it's a veritable treasure-trove of fascinating and detailed information on daily life in the English countryside in the second half of the eighteenth century. I could go on for some time about all the interesting things Woodforde writes about—let me make a list:

• The weather, including—in what was still the Little Ice Age—some very memorable cold winters, with milk freezing in the dairy and chamber-pots under the beds.
• The round of social visiting which formed much of the daily business of life for people of Woodforde's class, including the highly elaborate dinners they served each other—Woodforde is very thorough in describing food!
• The duties of a country clergyman, in a Church which is very much pre-Oxford Movement and Evangelical Revival, but still pious in its way; as well as saying prayers and preaching, christening, marrying and burying, Woodforde keeps up various charitable traditions, such as giving pennies to local children on Valentine's Day and dinners to his poor elderly neighbours at Christmas.
• Money, buying and selling; Woodforde is meticulous about account-keeping and detailing how much money he paid for all sorts of different things, from food to wigs to travel to small-scale gambling at cards, as well as money received in tithes and for the sale of things like butter.
• Travel in the days before railways: Woodforde often makes the short journey to Norwich and also undertakes longer journeys, to London and to visit his family in Somerset; here he details the arrangements of coach travel, distances and costs and timings and the state of the roads and dinners at inns etc. etc.
• Social relations; the position of servants in an eighteenth-century parsonage, what they do and how they get on with their betters. Things are clearly less hierarchical than they became in the nineteenth century, and there's an amount of familiarity and social equality alongside the economic inequality.
• Major historical events and how they go on in the background of everyday life in a quiet corner of the world. There are often casual references to things like the War of American Independence alongside the details of daily life at Weston; later, when the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars get going, Woodforde writes about all the effects the wars overseas have at home.
• All sorts of random idiosyncratic things Woodforde does, as interesting historical examples of things an eighteenth-century clergyman might do: buying smuggled rum and busying himself in hiding the bottles, encouraging inoculation during a smallpox outbreak, treating a couple of maidservants he meets while travelling to dinner at the inn, catching a spider in his rooms and deciding to keep it as a pet, dealing with various sorts of social frictions and minor conflicts, reading Evelina, taking rhubarb as a medicine, launching a model ship on his garden pond, and so on.
• All sorts of stuff about the rhythms of eighteenth-century life in general.
• etc. etc. etc

Endlessly fascinating, and Woodforde's personality and writing style make for pleasant reading throughout. Thoroughly recommended for anyone who takes an interest in this period, and especially for anyone writing historical fiction who wants lots of detail to use in their work!

(...perusing Woodforde's Wikipedia page, I notice that his eldest sister, born in 1725, was christened Sobieski! Er, if that indicates what I think it does about the family political allegiances, James himself appears to have been a perfectly respectful supporter of the Georges. Perhaps there was some other connection to the royal Polish Sobieskis?).

Eleven Minutes Late: A Train Journey to the Soul of Britain by Matthew Engel (2009). This month's book club book. A history of the British railways from the 1830s to the present, their development, management and mismanagement—which made an interesting contrast having just read an 18th century book with so much detail about what travel was like before the railways! I enjoyed the historical parts of this book, especially the account of just how chaotic the development and proliferation of different lines and railway companies in the mid-nineteenth century was, speculative bubbles and whimsical obscure names and all. I was less interested in the more modern political stuff, and I did find the author pretty obnoxious—a certain smug superiority throughout, a too-neat journalist's writing style which I found got in the way of the interesting details.

Comments

[garonne]

I have often seen Woodforde's diary quoted extensively by historians in other books, but I wasn't aware it had been published in a form available to the general public. Good to know!

[luzula]

Just wanted to say that I found it on Librivox, with a reader who sounds quite pleasant to listen to!

[garonne]

Thanks for the link. I just downloaded it!

[regshoe]

If I remember correctly, it was originally published in the 1920s in a five-volume abridged edition, then further abridged into the one-volume edition I read—there also seems to be a longer (unabridged?) edition published by the Parson Woodforde Society. The audiobook luzula links looks like the first volume of the five-volume edition. It's a colourful publication history—anyway, definitely a good history resource!

[luzula]

The diary sounds fascinating! And I note that it is available both on archive.org and as a Librivox audiobook, with a reader who sounds quite pleasant to listen to. Perhaps I'll have a listen to it.

I am charmed by the spider. Interesting about the servants--I remember Mitchison writing that in Scotland the tradition of the servants eating with the family survived longer. Do the servants eat with him?

I think it's reasonable enough that his parents could have been Jacobites in 1725 (I can't see any other reason for the Sobieski name--even if there had been another connection, they would have been too aware of the impression on others to use it), but that he wouldn't have been in 1760, when Jacobitism was waning.

[regshoe]

The Librivox audiobook looks like the first volume of the five-volume abridged edition which was later further abridged into the one-volume edition I read—anyway, it doesn't seem to cover the later years of the diary. (Actually, that edition was published 1924-31—so I suspect the later volumes aren't in the public domain yet, or weren't when this was recorded). But how charming that someone has recorded an audiobook, anyway! I can imagine it would make for pleasant listening with a good reader.

I don't think the servants usually eat with him at home, no—although all classes apparently eat together when travelling.

Yes, that's quite possible! It must have been slightly strange still having that first name years after the Jacobites faded from prominence—Woodforde only ever calls her 'Sister Clarke' (her married surname).

[luzula]

The Librivox audiobook looks like the first volume of the five-volume abridged edition which was later further abridged into the one-volume edition I read—anyway, it doesn't seem to cover the later years of the diary.

Ah, thanks!

And yes, all those Clementinas, too...that's an awfully conspicuous thing to be saddling a child with. Perhaps they sometimes started going by other names when it began to get embarrassing.

Have you come across any easily accessible 18th century diaries or letter collections by women? There's the short one by Beppy Byrom, but otherwise I haven't come across any. Would dearly love to have one by Margaret Ogilvy, Margaret Murray of Broughton, or any of the other prominent Jacobite women, but alas. But I'd take other women too.

[regshoe]

Apparently James Woodforde's niece Nancy Woodforde, who kept house for him, was also a diarist—but her diaries don't seem to have survived in as complete a form as her uncle's, and as far as I can see they haven't been published. That was very frustrating to find out!

I've done some brief searching on other female diarists of this period, and the most exciting one I've found is Margaret Calderwood, a Scottish writer who recorded her travels in the 1750s taken to visit her brother, who was in exile in the Netherlands for his part in the '45. Here is the book!

Another couple which may be of interest are Mary Hardy, whose diaries have been published, but are not easily accessible—they're available from this website at pretty hefty prices; and Mary Berry, who's a bit later than the period you're probably interested in, but whose writings are more accessible; here's a book about her observations of life in England and France, and here is the first volume of a collection of journals and letters.

[luzula]

Thanks, some of those do look interesting! : )

But it's so frustrating that I will never get the diaries/letters of the people I actually want to read about...

[regshoe]

I know, it is very frustrating!

[osprey_archer]

The details in the diary sound fascinating! I particularly love the bit about catching a spider and deciding to keep it as a pet, ha.

[regshoe]

I was hoping for further updates on the spider, but it's sadly never mentioned again, so I don't know what became of it—but it was very charming! Real everyday history.

[friendofthejabberwock]

That sounds like a really interesting diary! (And it's always nice when there are conveniently abridged versions available.) And as someone with a pet spider, I am so delighted that he had one, too.

[regshoe]

Unfortunately the spider is never mentioned again after the bit where he finds it, so I don't know what became of it—but it was a charming detail! I don't approve of abridgement in fiction, but it's very useful in cases like this—apparently the unabridged published edition is 17 volumes, a very impressive effort.

[friendofthejabberwock]

O.O
Wow, that is an impressive effort! (And perhaps there's more on the spider in the full-length versions, in which it lived a long and happy spider life. :D)

[sanguinity]

That diary sounds absolutely fascinating. And I'm pleased that they kept such a selection of minutiae in such a severe abridgement!

[regshoe]

Definitely fascinating! And yes, as far as I can tell the abridgement was done to provide a representative selection of material, rather than focussing on particular stuff the editor thought was important and cutting out everything else, which is good.

[sovay]

And it's a veritable treasure-trove of fascinating and detailed information on daily life in the English countryside in the second half of the eighteenth century. I could go on for some time about all the interesting things Woodforde writes about—let me make a list

This sounds fantastic!

[regshoe]

It is—definitely a good one!

[ethelmay]

Seems to me Virginia Woolf wrote an essay about Parson Woodforde's diaries.

[regshoe]

Huh, yes—this one? I like her speculation about Woodforde's motivation for writing the diaries—it occurred to me that would have been more obvious in a twentieth-century diary.